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localized blood collection outside vessels, often causing bruising

A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually caused by an injury to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to blood leaking into surrounding tissues. This can result in a visible bruise or contusion, characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain. Hematomas can vary in size and severity, and while minor ones often resolve on their own, larger or more severe hematomas may require medical intervention to prevent complications.