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This study found that the weak tensile strength of pili torti hair may result from loose keratin intermediate filaments due to abnormalities in disulfide bonds.

This case report describes a unique instance of late-onset Björnstad syndrome in an 18-year-old female, mimicking androgenetic alopecia, and indicates potential improvement with JAK inhibitor baricitinib, highlighting the need for considering this syndrome in similar cases of patterned hair loss in young individuals.

This study investigated the mechanism responsible for pili torti formation in Björnstad syndrome using a transmission electron microscope, but did not establish a definitive explanation.

This review discusses pili torti, a rare hair shaft disorder, and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the need to investigate underlying conditions in affected individuals.

This case report highlighted two atypical childhood alopecia cases: congenital atrichia without papules and Bjornstad syndrome with alopecia areata; emphasizing diagnostic challenges, notably the absence of keratotic papules usually associated with congenital atrichia and the presence of alopecia areata in Bjornstad syndrome.