August 2021 in “Journal of skin and stem cell” Skin symptoms could help in early COVID-19 diagnosis but more research is needed to confirm their reliability.
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July 2020 in “Dermatologic therapy” This systematic review reports that "COVID toes" and other skin manifestations can be initial signs of COVID-19, and advises immunosuppressive therapy adjustments only for infected or at-risk patients.
November 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that children with COVID-19 experienced more frequent acral ischemic lesions, whereas telogen effluvium was the most common skin manifestation in adults.
January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” In 2002, various skin reactions were reported due to different drugs, including allergies, hair loss, skin lesions, and other skin conditions.
This study reports an increase in the frequency and variety of skin conditions associated with COVID-19, noting that milder cases often present with pernio-like lesions, while severe cases may involve livedo racemosa, retiform purpura, and acral ischemia.