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In this open-label trial, 9-cis-retinoic acid showed moderate activity against Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS patients, but its use is limited by substantial side effects at higher doses.

This study found that all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids increase steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells through mechanisms involving RARα/RXR heterodimers and multiple signaling pathways.

This study identified 92 novel regulators of melanogenesis, highlighting Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 as a potential target for developing new treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders like melasma.

This study identified ALDH1A1 as a regulator of melanogenesis and suggests its inhibition, through agents like cyanamide, may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma.

This review discusses the therapeutic effects of vitamins, highlighting risks such as liver damage from prolonged high doses of vitamin A and hypercalcemia from excessive vitamin D, while noting a case of allergic reaction to vitamin B12.