The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome

    January 2026 in “ Immunological Reviews ”
    Katherine Radovanovic, Megan Wynalda, Montserrat C. Anguera
    Studysummary This review discusses sex differences in immune responses and highlights mechanisms involving sex hormones, X-linked genes, and X-Chromosome Inactivation, but reports no new clinical findings.
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    Research cited in this study 3

    1. Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study Journal of Clinical Medicine · 2022
    2. The JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway: From Bench to Clinic Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2021
    3. Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2020