Underactive Bladder - An Underestimated Entity

The document reviewed underactive bladder, a condition that was poorly understood and often underrecognized, with diagnosis primarily relying on invasive urodynamic assessments. The prevalence increased with age, affecting more men than women, and the etiology included idiopathic, myogenic, neurogenic, infectious, and iatrogenic causes. Despite various definitions, no consensus existed on diagnostic criteria. Treatment options were varied, including behavioral, medical, surgical, and experimental approaches, but no standardized effective treatment was available. Sacral neuromodulation was the most effective treatment at the time, while future therapies like gene and stem cell therapy showed promise but required more research.