Types of Human Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications

The review explored various types of human stem cells, including germ cells, embryonic stem cells, haemopoietic stem cells, and cancer stem cells, with a focus on induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and their ability to be reprogrammed into different cell types. It discussed the process of de-differentiation and reconversion, highlighting a sequence of gene regulation involved in transitioning differentiated cells to pluripotent cells. The review covered the established use of haemopoietic stem cells in treating haematological disorders and the emerging applications of stem cells for other conditions. Challenges such as the need for large-scale in vitro expansion and the risk of genomic abnormalities were addressed, emphasizing the importance of developing safe procedures for stem cell therapies.