Solidarity and Phenotypic Plasticity Among Individuals of Thunbergia Grandiflora Roxb. and Russelia Equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham.

This study examines the interaction between Thunbergia grandiflora and Russelia equisetiformis over 2.5 years, focusing on phenotypic changes and mutual aid. Weekly observations showed that when the branches of these species intertwined, Thunbergia grandiflora rapidly elongated its stem towards Russelia equisetiformis, which responded by thickening its stem and increasing the inclination angle of its branches. The absence of predator or herbivore threats suggests a mutual aid relationship, leading to the conclusion that both species exhibit solidarity and intelligent behavior through phenotypic plasticity.