Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula Following Hair Transplantation

In 2013, a 31-year-old man developed a scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after undergoing multiple hair transplantation procedures using the punch-graft technique over a period of six years. He experienced swelling on his left forehead and worsening pulsatile tinnitus for two years. Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical examination and imaging techniques, including computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The AVF was successfully removed through surgery, and the patient's symptoms were resolved, with discharge from the hospital occurring two days after the operation. This case was the 15th reported instance of AVF following hair transplantation, and the report suggested that while rare, AVFs can be easily diagnosed clinically and effectively treated with either surgical or endovascular methods. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.