Quaternary Ammonium Iminofullerenes Improve Root Growth of Oxidative-Stress Maize Through ASA-GSH Cycle Modulating Redox Homeostasis of Roots and ROS-Mediated Root-Hair Elongation

The study examines the impact of quaternary ammonium iminofullerenes (IFQA) on maize and Arabidopsis root growth under oxidative stress. IFQA, at concentrations of 20 or 50 mg/L, mitigates oxidative stress effects by modulating the ASA-GSH cycle, enhancing antioxidant ratios, and reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde levels. It decreases NADPH oxidase activity and regulates gene expression related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and root-hair development. IFQA improves root and root-hair growth, suggesting its potential as a nanoregulator to promote plant growth and resilience under stress. Further research is needed on cost-effective production and safety.