How Advancing Is Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Nanofiber Scaffolds? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

This review highlights the potential of nanofiber scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration by mimicking the natural extracellular matrix and supporting cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Created primarily through electrospinning, these scaffolds can be tailored in terms of morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties to enhance cellular responses and regenerative outcomes. They can incorporate bioactive agents and enable controlled release of growth factors and cytokines, which are crucial for nerve regeneration. Studies, including those involving bone marrow stromal cells and nerve growth factor, show significant improvements in nerve regeneration. Despite promising advancements, challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory considerations remain for clinical translation. Overall, nanofiber scaffolds offer a promising alternative to traditional nerve grafts, with potential applications in repairing nerve injuries and alleviating neuropathy symptoms.