National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2

In 2015, the National Lipid Association issued comprehensive guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia, emphasizing a patient-centered approach that includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and consideration of individual patient factors. The guidelines recommended dietary changes such as reducing intake of cholesterol-raising fats and adopting Mediterranean or vegetarian diets to lower the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). They also suggested the inclusion of plant sterols and viscous fibers to reduce LDL cholesterol and the use of omega-3 fatty acids to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). For patients with high triglycerides, a diet rich in whole grains, legumes, unsaturated fats, protein, and fiber was advised, along with regular physical activity and calorie control. The guidelines also addressed the management of dyslipidemia in specific populations, including children, adolescents, pregnant women, older adults, and those with HIV or rheumatoid arthritis, recommending tailored approaches for each group. Additionally, the guidelines supported the use of combination therapies, such as adding ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors to statins when necessary, and highlighted the importance of medication adherence for achieving treatment goals. The document also recognized the benefits of team-based care in improving patient outcomes and satisfaction.