Monilethrix

A 4-year-old boy with a 3-year history of hair loss was diagnosed with monilethrix, a rare hereditary condition caused by mutations in hair keratin genes. Examination revealed short, sparse, and brittle hair with hyperkeratotic papules on the occipital scalp. Dermoscopic and microscopic analyses showed characteristic beaded hair shafts prone to breakage. Monilethrix often appears in early childhood and may resolve during puberty. The most effective treatment involves avoiding mechanical damage to the hair. The boy's nails and teeth were normal, and no other associated abnormalities were noted.