Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Properties Of Acorus Calamus

Acorus calamus has been used since prehistoric times in China and India for its medicinal properties, treating a wide range of illnesses including neurological, respiratory, metabolic, hepatic, and nephrotic disorders. The plant's rhizomes and leaves are known for their stimulant, sedative, and other therapeutic properties, addressing conditions such as mental illness, diabetes, eczema, and hair loss. Phytochemical analysis has identified around 145 constituents, with eugenol, asarones, and sesquiterpenoids being key to its pharmacological effects. The plant shows significant antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities in both in vivo and in vitro studies. However, further research is needed to address toxicity, safety, and quality control concerns.