Kawasaki Disease: An Update

In 2001, Kawasaki disease (KD) was recognized as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, particularly under 5 years old, with a higher incidence in Japan than in the USA. The cause of KD was unknown, but it was thought to be related to superantigen exposure. Diagnosis relied on clinical criteria, and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin significantly reduced coronary complications. While 75% of untreated KD cases resolved without issues, 25% developed coronary artery abnormalities, and there was a 1-2% mortality rate in the acute phase. Early diagnosis and treatment were emphasized to prevent serious cardiovascular outcomes, and treatment with gamma globulin was found to decrease the incidence and severity of coronary disease in KD patients.