Histomorphological study on the teat (mammary papilla) of Indian buffalo

The histomorphological study of the Indian buffalo teat revealed that the epidermis was rich in melanin pigment and lacked hair follicles. The streak canal, averaging 9.80 mm in length, was lined with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, with a mid-region epithelial thickness of 375.19 mu. The keratin layer was 154.70 mu thick, and the canal was surrounded by a robust smooth muscle sphincter, measuring 382.50 mu in thickness, rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers. The luminal and total diameters of the streak canal were 1.046 mm and 1.70 mm, respectively. Furstenberg's rosette had 10 to 14 connective tissue folds, with stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a subepithelial stroma infiltrated by various immune cells. Lymphoid nodules were present in the upper rosette, and the teat cistern had fewer mucosal folds, lined by two layers of cuboidal or columnar epithelium with increased cellular infiltration in the lamina propria.