Histomorphological Study on the Teat (Mammary Papilla) of Indian Buffalo

The histomorphological study on the teat of Indian buffaloes revealed several key features. The epidermis was rich in melanin pigment and lacked hair follicles. The streak canal length varied from 7.50 to 13.00 mm, averaging 9.80 mm, and was lined with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The epithelium's average thickness at the mid-streak canal was 375.19 micrometers, with frequent mitotic activity in the stratum germinativum and a high amount of keratohyaline granules in the stratum granulosum. The keratin layer was 154.70 micrometers thick, and the streak canal was surrounded by a strong smooth muscle sphincter rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers, with a thickness of 382.50 micrometers. The luminal and total diameters of the streak canal were 1.046 mm and 1.70 mm, respectively. Furstenberg's rosette had 10 to 14 connective tissue folds, with stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium and a subepithelial stroma infiltrated by various immune cells. Lymphoid nodules were present in the upper part of the rosette, and the teat cistern had fewer mucosal folds than the rosette, lined by two layers of cuboidal or columnar epithelium with increased cellular infiltration in the lamina propria.