Hemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a role for age and prostatic hyperplasia

    February 2022 in “ Supportive Care in Cancer ”
    Eugenio Galli, Federica Sorà, L. Di Gianfrancesco, Sabrina Giammarco, Elisabetta Metafuni, Maria Assunta Limongiello, Idanna Innocenti, Francesco Autore, Luca Laurenti, Patrizia Chiusolo, Andrea Bacigalupo, Simona Sica
    TLDR Older age is the main risk factor for hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplants.
    The study analyzed 237 patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation to identify risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). HC occurred in 17% of patients, with a higher incidence in males (21% vs 11%). Key risk factors included age over 55, male gender, HLA mismatch, reduced intensity conditioning, and cyclophosphamide-based GVHD prophylaxis. In males, prostatic hyperplasia was an independent risk factor, with 32% of those affected developing HC. HC was associated with longer hospital stays and increased non-relapse mortality. The study concluded that age was the most significant risk factor, suggesting the need for more intensive prophylactic strategies in high-risk patients.
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