An Overview of Harmful Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 4% to 18% of women of reproductive age and is associated with a variety of health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometrial and ovarian cancer, and mental health issues. The condition is characterized by hormonal imbalances, cyst formation in the ovaries, menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Treatment strategies vary based on the patient's desire for pregnancy and may involve weight loss, oral contraceptives, or diabetes medication. The review calls for further research to enhance treatment and management of PCOS and discusses its pathophysiology, including the roles of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. It also notes the increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, gestational diabetes, and cardiovascular issues in PCOS patients, with mixed evidence regarding the risk of certain cancers.