Genetic Variants and Protective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2

    December 2022 in “ Genes ”
    Ali A. Rabaan, Abbas Al Mutair, Mohammed Aljeldah, Basim R. Al Shammari, Tarek Sulaiman, Abeer N. Alshukairi, Mubarak Alfaresi, Jumana M. Al-Jishi, Neda A. Al Bati, Maha Al-Mozaini, Ali Al Bshabshe, Jenan Al‐Matouq, Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid, Amal H. Alfaraj, Wasl Al-Adsani, Mohammed Alabdullah, Sara Alwarthan, Fatimah Alsalman, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Saad Alhumaid
    Studysummary This review discusses the host genetic factors influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and pathogenesis, highlighting genetic variations that affect viral entry and immune responses, but reports no new experimental results.
    Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer
    The review explored the influence of host genetic factors on susceptibility and resistance to COVID-19, emphasizing the role of genetic variations in immune responses and disease severity. Genome-Wide Association Studies identified key genetic loci, such as the ABO gene and ACE2 variants, affecting infection vulnerability and severity. Specific inborn errors of immunity and neutralizing autoantibodies to type I interferons were linked to severe cases, with 10% of severe cases having these autoantibodies. The study highlighted the impact of co-morbidities and genetic factors like ACE and ACE2 gene variants on COVID-19 outcomes, noting that the ACE DD genotype was associated with higher mortality. Genetic resistance mechanisms, such as CD8+ T-cell responses and interferon signaling, were crucial in controlling the virus. The review concluded that understanding these genetic influences could provide insights into host defenses and aid in predicting COVID-19 susceptibility using AI-based models.
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