October 2025 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” This research observed that, in domestic cats like Maine Coon and Rex breeds, a "piebald" coat color pattern is likely influenced by the Silver locus, although the specific mutations involved are yet to be published.
20 citations
,
September 2021 in “Nature communications” In this study, researchers identified a gene expression pre-pattern and implicated the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf 4 in the formation of color patterns in domestic cat embryos.
6 citations
,
November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers found that the gene Dkk4 influences color pattern formation in domestic cat fetuses, and its mutation is linked to the Ticked pattern type.
March 2026 in “Sexual Development” This study found that a young male Maine Coon cat with a tortoiseshell coat, which typically indicates unusual sex chromosomes, was fertile, carrying both XX and XY cell lines. The researchers recommend genetic testing for tri-colored male cats before breeding decisions.
11 citations
,
May 2010 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” This study reviews the genetic mechanisms behind cat coat patterns, revealing that specific loci determine tabby variations and suggesting these patterns could unravel broader developmental and evolutionary biology insights.