Female type of adult acne: Physiological and psychological considerations and management

The 2018 review addressed the unique characteristics and management of adult female acne, which differs from adolescent acne in its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and psychological impact. It emphasized a holistic approach to treatment, including medical therapies, lifestyle modifications, and psychological support. Topical retinoids, azelaic acid, and benzoyl peroxide were recommended as first-line treatments, with oral anti-androgens, contraceptives, and isotretinoin as additional options for more severe cases. The review also stressed the importance of maintenance therapy and the role of stress and hormonal imbalances in acne development. It highlighted the need for empathy in healthcare, the use of non-comedogenic skin care products, and the potential benefits of cosmetics for self-esteem. Future research directions were suggested to focus on patient adherence, the inclusion of quality of life measures, and the psychological aspects of acne. The document disclosed financial support from Bayer Consumer Care and potential conflicts of interest due to authors' affiliations with pharmaceutical companies.