Histological Study of the Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Healing of Skin Defect in Adult Male Albino Rats

The study investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on skin wound healing in 35 adult male albino rats. The BM-MSC-treated group showed significantly enhanced wound healing, with complete epithelialization and the presence of skin appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands as early as 3 days post-wounding. By day 14, the treated group exhibited a continuous thick epidermis and a prominent dermoepidermal junction, resembling normal skin structure. In contrast, the untreated group showed delayed healing with irregular collagen and elastic fibers. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in CD105-positive cells in the treated group, indicating active participation of BM-MSCs in wound repair. The study concluded that BM-MSCs significantly improved wound healing and skin regeneration in rats, highlighting their potential in enhancing wound healing through various mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.