The Double-Edged Proteins in Cancer Proteomes and the Generation of Induced Tumor-Suppressing Cells

This review examines the dual role of tumor-secreted proteins, which can act as both promoters and suppressors of tumors, and introduces the concept of induced tumor-suppressing cells (iTSCs). These iTSCs are generated by activating specific signaling pathways or overexpressing oncogenes, and they produce a conditioned medium enriched with tumor-suppressing proteins. This medium has been effective in inhibiting the progression of various cancer cell lines, including breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, as well as osteosarcoma. The review highlights the potential of iTSCs as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the mechanisms and optimize their application.