Association Between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sleep Quality Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study on Fasa Adult Cohort

This study involving 9,761 participants from a rural Iranian population found a positive association between higher Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores and sleep disorders, particularly increased sleep latency. Participants in the highest E-DII quartile had a 30% greater chance of experiencing high sleep latency compared to those in the lowest quartile. Additionally, a pro-inflammatory diet was linked to a 43% higher likelihood of low sleep efficiency and a 53% higher likelihood of using sleep medication, though no significant association was found with sleep duration. The study suggests that dietary inflammation may affect sleep quality through chronic inflammation's impact on neurotransmitters and hormones, and promoting anti-inflammatory diets could improve sleep quality and reduce medication reliance. Despite its large sample size, the study's cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data limit the ability to establish causality, necessitating further research.