Decoding the ZmNF-YC1–ZmAPRG Pathway for Phosphorus Efficiency

The study investigates the ZmNF-YC1–ZmAPRG pathway in maize, which enhances phosphorus efficiency under low phosphorus conditions by regulating the expression of the ZmAPRG gene. This regulation increases acid phosphatase activity and phosphate concentration, improving phosphorus homeostasis, lipid composition, and photosynthesis. The pathway offers advantages over traditional phosphate transporters by coordinating a wider range of genetic and physiological responses, thus enhancing phosphorus use efficiency without causing phosphate toxicity. It also improves photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield by affecting lipid metabolism, particularly increasing non-phosphorus lipids that stabilize thylakoid membranes. The study suggests ZmNF-YC1 as a target for breeding stress-tolerant maize varieties, with potential implications for improving nutrient-use efficiency and reducing reliance on phosphate fertilizers. Further research is needed to explore its impact on root development and its application in other crops.