Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Individual Patient-Level Data

This systematic review analyzed 71 case reports and series, totaling 144 cases, to investigate cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 patients. The study found that the most common skin morphologies were morbilliform (30.6%), varicelliform (18.8%), and urticarial (13.2%). Notably, chilblains-like eruptions were associated with milder COVID-19 symptoms and lower severity (11% of cases), while livedoid and acro-ischemic morphologies were linked to more severe disease (81% of cases). The findings highlighted that while some skin manifestations are typical of viral infections, others like chilblains-like, livedoid, and acro-ischemic patterns were unusual and correlated with COVID-19 severity. The median age of patients was 51 years, with a range from 0 to 91 years.