Challenges in the Physical Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

The document reviewed the challenges in the physical characterization of lipid nanoparticles, which were crucial for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. It highlighted issues with the sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability of current methodologies, such as Cryo-TEM, SEM, and X-ray for morphologic characterization, and dynamic light scattering for size measurement. The review emphasized the need for advanced techniques to ensure the efficacy and safety of these nanocarriers, noting the importance of lipid composition and surfactant choice in maintaining stability and drug release efficacy. Despite advancements, a comprehensive strategy for nanoparticle characterization remained an unmet challenge due to limitations in existing techniques and variability in nanomaterial properties.