Linking the Brain and Bone Through Fat

The review explored the interconnected roles of bone, adipose tissue, and the central nervous system in regulating energy homeostasis, highlighting that both adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. It emphasized the central nervous system as a key integrator of signals from these tissues and discussed various adipose tissue-secreted factors, such as leptin and adiponectin, which influence energy balance and bone health. Leptin was shown to have both anabolic and catabolic effects on bone, while adiponectin had anti-inflammatory properties and a dual role in bone formation. The document also highlighted the role of osteoblast-derived lipocalin 2 in energy balance and the impact of cytokines on bone metabolism. Osteocalcin was identified as a potential neuropeptide influencing glucose metabolism, and FGF23 was linked to mineral metabolism and inflammation. The review underscored the intricate crosstalk between these systems and the need for further research to fully understand their interactions.