Bronze Casting Production of the Bohai People in the Valley of the Ilistaya River

The study of the Bohai people in the Ilistaya River valley uncovered a sophisticated bronze casting industry, evidenced by archaeological findings at the Gorbatka site, including crucibles, bronze scraps, and tools. X-ray fluorescence analysis identified seven types of bronze alloys, highlighting the advanced skills of Bohai craftsmen who used various molds and forging techniques. The research suggested Gorbatka was a craft quarter processing multiple materials, indicating a bronze casting center. The nearby Nikolayevskoye-11 settlement also showed potential for bronze casting. The presence of local tin and copper minerals supported the industry, which likely met local demand and supplied markets, though the exact production volume was unclear. Further exploration of production centers and their economic and social organization was recommended.