Let Astaxanthin Be Thy Medicine

The document from 2015 reviews the health benefits and safety of astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant marine carotenoid. It is found to have a range of health-promoting effects, including immunomodulation, anti-stress, anti-inflammation, and improvement in cardiovascular health, skin health, eye fatigue, muscle endurance, and sports performance. Astaxanthin also shows potential in managing chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, heart failure, and androgenetic alopecia. Clinical trials and safety studies, involving various numbers of participants and dosages up to 45 mg/day, generally support the safety of astaxanthin intake. Specific studies mentioned include a trial with 40 men showing improved muscle strength, a study with 14 cyclists indicating enhanced performance, and a safety study with 73 volunteers reporting no significant side effects. Astaxanthin's efficacy in improving sperm quality, skin elasticity, and protecting against UV-induced damage is also highlighted, suggesting its expanding role in health applications and potential recognition as a form of medicine.