Alopecia Areata: Pathogenesis, Current Treatments, and Future Perspectives

    Karolina Wojciechowska, Maria Brzozowska, W. Wardal, Natalia Furlepa, Robert Rzenno, Marlena Matuszewska, Katarzyna Wicha, Natalia Sidz, Magdalena Tomaszewska, Wiktoria Jedlikowska
    TLDR Alopecia areata causes hair loss due to immune issues, and while new treatments show promise, no universally effective solution exists yet.
    Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss due to immune dysregulation, specifically the destruction of hair follicles by autoreactive T-cells. Treatment options depend on the severity of the disease, with topical therapies used for limited hair loss and systemic therapies for more severe cases. Recent advancements in treatment include Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which have shown promise in clinical trials for refractory AA, and emerging stem cell-based therapies. Despite these advancements, there remains a significant unmet medical need, as no universally effective treatment exists. Further research is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of AA and to develop more effective therapies.
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