Insight Into the Role of Alkaloids in the Different Signaling Pathways of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinomas, arising from various cells in the biliary tree, are challenging to treat due to their silent and asymptomatic nature in early stages, leading to poor prognosis. Recent research has focused on understanding the aetiology and signalling pathways of these tumours to develop more effective treatments. Alkaloids have emerged as significant in treating cholangiocarcinoma due to their potency and effectiveness against cancer cell lines, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell spread and growth. This review emphasizes the regulation of signalling pathways and highlights alkaloids' strong anti-cholangiocarcinoma efficacy, offering a promising direction for developing potent pharmaceutical compounds.