February 2020 in “International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies” This study found that adult acne predominantly affects females, with persistent acne being common, and noted a low prevalence of PCOS among female adult acne patients.
2 citations
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August 2021 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” This study found that persistent acne in adult females is often moderate severity, and younger age, premenstrual flare, and irregular menstruation were linked to PCOS, suggesting a need for screening.
43 citations
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September 2012 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review describes a practical approach for dermatologists to manage adult female acne using hormonal therapies and highlights the importance of identifying possible underlying endocrine disorders like PCOS, but it does not report new findings.
December 2024 in “Journal of Neonatal Surgery” In this study, researchers found that increased androgen levels, such as testosterone, and insulin resistance are strongly associated with more severe acne in adult women, along with a higher incidence of menstrual irregularities and PCOS characteristics.
3 citations
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December 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study observed that adult female acne may be associated with hyperandrogenic features and polycystic ovary syndrome, though routine hormonal tests often do not show abnormalities other than PCOS.