35 citations,
December 2009 in “Lupus” Anti-Ro exposed children had more reported neuro-psychiatric issues, but differences from healthy controls were not significant.
44 citations,
November 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The updated SALT II tool offers a more precise way to measure scalp hair loss.
12 citations,
August 2020 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Azathioprine is the most continued treatment for chronic alopecia areata over a year, often with added low-dose prednisolone.
1 citations,
March 2023 in “Aggregate” A new hydrogel with micronized amnion helps achieve better, scar-free skin healing.
17 citations,
April 2013 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” Anti-SSB antibodies are useful for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus and are linked to specific symptoms.
January 2020 in “SSRN Electronic Journal” Different autoantibody groups in pediatric SLE are linked to specific symptoms and disease outcomes.
April 2017 in “Our Dermatology Online” A 22-year-old with multiple autoimmune diseases needs a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Juvenile-onset lupus patients have more severe symptoms and need stronger treatment.
July 2003 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Some medications can improve skin conditions, while lifestyle factors like smoking and drinking may worsen them; treatments like monoclonal antibodies and imiquimod cream show promise for certain skin diseases.
3 citations,
June 2020 in “Open access rheumatology” A patient with Rhupus was diagnosed with Rowell syndrome and treated with various medications.
305 citations,
March 2008 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” Spermidine/spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) was identified as a crucial enzyme regulating cellular polyamine content, impacting normal and neoplastic growth, ion channel regulation, and potentially cancer chemotherapy. SSAT activity was highly regulated and could be induced by various stimuli, affecting polyamine homeostasis and linking polyamine metabolism to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Increased SSAT activity led to a futile cycle consuming ATP and acetyl-CoA, and was associated with adverse effects such as pancreatic cell death, tissue growth blockage, behavioral changes, and hair loss. SSAT also interacted with proteins like hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and NF-kappaB, though the exact mechanisms were unclear. While SSAT was considered a potential target for diseases beyond cancer, its broad physiological effects necessitated careful targeting to avoid toxicity.
43 citations,
February 1999 in “Biochemical Journal” The study created transgenic mice overexpressing the SSAT gene, leading to significant changes in polyamine levels and permanent hair loss, with the liver showing a notable reduction in spermine. Despite high SSAT mRNA levels, enzyme activity increased only moderately unless induced by ZnSO4 or DENSPM, which drastically boosted enzyme activity and depleted liver polyamines, resulting in high mortality and liver damage. This indicated that SSAT overexpression made the mice highly sensitive to polyamine analogues and suggested a post-transcriptional regulation mechanism for SSAT expression involving translational or RNA processing control.
13 citations,
March 1999 in “Biochemical Journal” The study involved generating a transgenic mouse line overexpressing the SSAT gene under a mouse metallothionein I promoter, leading to significant changes in tissue polyamine pools and delayed permanent hair loss compared to previous models. The liver was notably affected, with drastic reductions in spermine and increases in putrescine. Despite high levels of SSAT mRNA, enzyme activity was only moderately elevated unless induced by ZnSO4 or the polyamine analogue DENSPM, which caused a massive increase in enzyme activity and depletion of spermidine and spermine pools. This treatment led to high mortality and liver damage, indicating that SSAT overexpression made the mice highly sensitive to polyamine analogues, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation mechanism.
128 citations,
December 2006 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” The study explored how altering the expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) affected fat metabolism in mice. Transgenic mice overexpressing SSAT showed increased metabolic activity through the polyamine pathway, resulting in a leaner phenotype with reduced white adipose acetyl- and malonyl-CoA pools and enhanced glucose and palmitate oxidation. In contrast, SSAT knockout mice had decreased metabolic flux, increased body fat, and lower oxidation rates, especially on a high-fat diet. These results indicated that SSAT expression influenced acetyl- and malonyl-CoA levels, affecting fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation, and thus body fat accumulation. The study underscored the role of SSAT in polyamine metabolism and its impact on fat metabolism via acetyl-CoA modulation.
91 citations,
July 2004 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” The study explored the impact of overexpressing the enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in TRAMP mice, a model for prostate cancer. By cross-breeding these mice with SSAT-overexpressing mice, researchers observed a significant reduction in tumor growth, with genitourinary tract weights being 4 to 12 times less than in TRAMP mice alone by 30 to 36 weeks of age. This tumor suppression was attributed to increased polyamine catabolism, which depleted acetyl-CoA and S-adenosylmethionine, despite increased polyamine biosynthesis. Histopathological analysis showed less advanced tumors in TRAMP/SSAT mice, suggesting that SSAT overexpression could be a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. Additionally, a genitourinary disease index was developed to assess the treatment's impact, particularly in the C57BL/6 mouse background.
54 citations,
February 2002 in “Carcinogenesis” The study used transgenic mice with targeted expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in hair follicle keratinocytes to investigate susceptibility to skin cancer. These K6-SSAT transgenic mice, bred onto a tumor-resistant C57BL/6 background, showed a 10-fold increase in epidermal tumors when exposed to a carcinogenesis protocol involving 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The transgenic mice exhibited elevated SSAT activity and protein levels, along with increased putrescine and N1-acetylspermidine, indicating enhanced polyamine catabolism. The study concluded that this activation of polyamine catabolism might play a crucial role in chemically induced skin cancer, as evidenced by the early onset and progression to carcinomas in the transgenic mice.
37 citations,
February 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in transgenic mice led to increased putrescine levels, causing permanent hair loss and skin abnormalities such as dermal cysts and epidermal utriculi due to disturbed keratinocyte differentiation. This was characterized by altered expression of cytokeratins and filaggrin. The study found that reducing putrescine levels with DFMO treatment could alleviate these skin changes and promote hair regrowth, highlighting the importance of proper polyamine metabolism regulation for normal keratinocyte differentiation and hair follicle function. These findings had potential implications for understanding skin disorders and hair growth.
February 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology” The document concludes that more local research on African skin and hair is needed despite increased scientific output from Sub-Saharan Africa.
87 citations,
March 2014 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids” Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.
July 2003 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Certain drugs can cause lupus, stopping these drugs is the main treatment. NB-UVB phototherapy clears psoriasis faster when applied three times a week. Monoclonal antibodies and oral pimecrolimus are effective in treating psoriasis. Smoking and drinking are linked to psoriasis in men. No direct link between low iron and hair loss was found. Vaccines are effective against genital herpes and human papillomavirus type 16.
July 2003 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Stopping certain drugs can improve skin conditions, arsenicosis affects over half of a Bangladeshi village, males are more vulnerable, and certain treatments are effective for warts, acne, and psoriasis. Smoking and drinking are linked to psoriasis in men, a cream helps with a type of skin cancer, and low iron levels don't directly cause chronic hair loss in women.
3 citations,
February 2020 in “The Egyptian Rheumatologist” Recognizing LET and AITD can help diagnose SLE early for better treatment.
9 citations,
October 2019 in “Journal of Physics Conference Series” Herbal shampoos with goat milk and natural extracts could be good natural alternatives to commercial shampoos.
7 citations,
January 2023 in “Biofabrication” A new method efficiently creates cell spheres that help regenerate hair.
5 citations,
March 2017 in “Laser Physics Letters” Different scalp imaging methods are important for studying hair and scalp health and require more volunteers for better evaluation.
2 citations,
September 2020 in “Biomedical materials” Recombinant keratin materials may better promote skin cell differentiation than natural keratin.
1 citations,
December 2018 in “IOP conference series. Materials science and engineering” CD34+ hair follicle stem cells can become melanin-producing cells for treating skin conditions.
44 citations,
August 2010 in “Lupus” Lupus can affect the scalp and nails, often causing hair loss and nail damage, and needs early aggressive treatment to prevent permanent damage.
28 citations,
May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
23 citations,
January 2001 in “International journal of toxicology” St. John's Wort extract and oil safety in cosmetics is unclear; more data needed on photosensitization, toxicity, and human irritation.