Warfare-Related Craniectomy Defect Reconstruction: Early Success Using Custom Alloplastic Implants

The study conducted between 2003 and 2008 included 99 male patients with an average age of 25 years who had sustained warfare-related cranial trauma and underwent decompression craniectomy. The majority of injuries were caused by improvised explosive device blasts. The study found that custom-designed alloplastic implants were successful in reconstructing cranial defects in 95% of cases, with a follow-up period averaging 2.4 years. Complications were observed in 27% of patients, including infections, hematomas/hygromas, seizures, and contour abnormalities. Despite these complications, the study concluded that massive cranial defects can be successfully reconstructed with custom alloplastic implants, with a recommendation for autogenous bone reconstruction in cases not suitable for alloplast, particularly near the orbits and airways. The study suggests that alloplast implants can be a viable option for cranial reconstruction in selected patients, but emphasizes the need for long-term follow-up to assess the safety and retention of the implants.