Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Developing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases

The document reviewed the challenges and advancements in developing therapies for autoimmune diseases, affecting 5%-8% of the global population. It highlighted the limitations of existing broad treatments and the need for precise, personalized approaches. Key advancements included the use of synthetic and biologic drugs like JAK and TNF inhibitors, though resistance and side effects remained issues. Promising new treatments targeted the IL-23/IL-17 axis and other cytokines, but their efficacy varied across conditions. The document emphasized the importance of understanding immune pathways to create more effective and safe therapies, noting the complexity and variability in treatment responses across diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and lupus nephritis.