Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Developing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases

The document reviewed the challenges and advancements in developing therapies for autoimmune diseases, affecting 5%-8% of the global population. It emphasized the need for precise, personalized medicine due to the broad and non-specific nature of current treatments, which lead to side effects and suboptimal responses. The role of synthetic and biologic drugs, such as JAK and TNF inhibitors, was highlighted, though issues like non-responsiveness persist. The document discussed the differential effects of cytokine inhibitors, the potential of CAR and CRISPR technologies, and the influence of microbial, dietary, and environmental factors. It underscored the complexity of autoimmune diseases and the necessity for targeted, disease-specific therapies, advocating for a personalized approach and adaptive platform trials to improve treatment efficacy.