Targeted Delivery of siRNA to Human Cancer and Embryonic Stem Cells with Cell-Level Resolution

The study developed a novel method for targeted delivery of siRNA using hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) and near-infrared (NIR) light, which allowed for precise gene silencing in human cancer and embryonic stem cells. This approach enabled siRNAs to be released into the cytosol without damaging cells, specifically targeting cancer cells while avoiding off-target effects on non-cancerous cells. The method required 10 times less material than traditional transfection techniques. It was also adapted for human embryonic stem cells, demonstrating effective gene targeting without affecting cell differentiation. The technique's ability to use NIR light for spatial and temporal control of gene regulation was highlighted as beneficial for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. Additionally, a universal surface module was developed to enhance delivery across various mammalian cell lines, providing a foundation for diverse cell engineering applications.