Role of anabolic agents in colorectal carcinogenesis: Myths and realities (Review)

The review examined the complex and ambiguous relationship between anabolic agents and colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on substances like testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). It highlighted the mixed evidence regarding their roles, with some studies suggesting carcinogenic properties while others indicated protective effects, such as with vitamin D. The review emphasized the need for a holistic approach, considering the synergistic effects of anabolic substances with other CRC risk factors like type 2 diabetes and smoking. It also discussed the role of androgen receptor polymorphisms and the potential of targeting insulin/IGF signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention. Despite extensive research, the direct connection between anabolic substances and CRC risk remained inconclusive, underscoring the need for further studies to clarify these associations.