Postscreening follow-up of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial on putative prostate cancer risk factors: vitamin and mineral use, male pattern baldness, pubertal development and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use

The study, which involved 11,795 men from the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial, found that puberty onset after age 15 was associated with a slightly reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa), but this did not affect PCa mortality. Male pattern baldness was not linked to overall PCa risk, but there was an inverse relationship with aggressive PCa (Gleason 8-10). No significant association was observed between vitamin use and PCa risk. However, weekly use of ibuprofen was associated with an increased risk of both overall PCa (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.92) and metastatic PCa (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.14-1.99). Other NSAIDs did not show a similar association. The study suggests that early puberty onset could be a marker for increased PCa risk, and that ibuprofen use may elevate the risk of developing PCa. The findings regarding male pattern baldness and PCa risk were limited and may not apply to non-screened populations or other ethnic groups.