Pangenome and Genome Variation Analyses of Pigs Unveil Genomic Facets for Their Adaptation and Agronomic Characteristics

The study presents a pig graph pangenome assembly of 27 genomes, revealing structural variations (SVs) that influence pig adaptation and breed-specific traits. It identifies BTF3 as a key gene affecting intramuscular fat deposition and meat quality, and highlights genes like SOX13 and ETNK2 for environmental adaptation. Analysis of 87 pig accessions uncovers genetic factors related to skeletal development and body mass regulation, underscoring the potential for genetic improvement in livestock. The research emphasizes the significance of pangenome approaches in understanding agricultural traits and notes the challenges in analyzing complex SVs.