Pharmaceutical and Non-Pharmaceutical Treatments for Migraine: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments for migraines. Classic medications like triptans, beta-blockers, and anticonvulsants are effective and accessible for migraine prophylaxis, though they can have side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Newer drugs, such as CGRP inhibitors like erenumab, show promise in alleviating migraine attacks with fewer side effects. Non-pharmacological treatments, including neuromodulation, emiketo diet, and cognitive behavioral therapy, offer moderate pain relief and are highly effective as preventive measures, though they may have limitations in effectiveness and accessibility. The study suggests considering both new medications and non-drug interventions, particularly for refractory cases.