The Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

The 2005 review article by Stasia Hadjiyannakis examined the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, noting its association with insulin resistance and central obesity. The syndrome, prevalent in up to 30% of obese children, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The review pointed out the absence of a standardized definition for pediatric metabolic syndrome, which complicates the assessment of its prevalence and progression. It also identified certain ethnic groups as being at higher risk and acknowledged the potential roles of genetic predisposition and the intrauterine environment in the syndrome's development. The article emphasized the necessity of early intervention through lifestyle changes, such as exercise and diet, while the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy was uncertain. The review stressed the importance of establishing a uniform definition for pediatric metabolic syndrome to improve early detection and treatment, as many of its features persist into adulthood.