Matrix Effects And Application Of Matrix Effect Factor

The document discussed the challenges of matrix effects in LC-MS analysis, particularly with ESI, which could cause ion suppression or enhancement, affecting analytical performance. It introduced the matrix effect factor (MEF) using stable isotopically labeled internal standards (SIL-ISs) to compensate for these effects. The causes of matrix effects were explored, including competition for charge and changes in droplet formation. Methods to evaluate matrix effects, such as postcolumn infusion and postextraction addition protocols, were detailed. Strategies to minimize matrix effects included optimizing sample preparation, selecting appropriate ion sources, and using internal standards. The document emphasized that while matrix effects could not be completely avoided, they could be managed through various techniques to ensure reliable analytical results.