In Search of Lost Physiology – Contribution of Jagiellonian University to Research on Permanent Cardiac Stimulation

The document discusses the historical development and advancements in cardiac pacing, particularly focusing on the transition from asynchronous pacemakers to more physiologically accurate methods. Initially, pacemakers introduced in 1958 helped prevent fainting and sudden death but caused issues like heart failure and arrhythmias due to desynchronization. Over 60 years, efforts have been made to restore physiological heart contractions, with recent advancements in resynchronization and conduction system pacing. The University Hospital in Krakow played a significant role, performing Europe's first direct left bundle branch pacing in 2018 and conducting key research in this area.