The Potential Impact of Melanosomal pH and Metabolism on Melanoma

The document explores how melanosomal pH and metabolism impact melanoma, emphasizing the role of genetic factors and external stimuli in melanin synthesis. Eumelanin provides UV protection and antioxidant benefits, while pheomelanin is linked to ROS generation and carcinogenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in MC1R, OCA2, and SLC45A2 influence melanosomal pH and melanin production, affecting melanoma risk. Melanoma cells maintain melanin synthesis to manage oxidative stress, which is crucial for metastasis. High melanin levels correlate with increased metastasis risk and reduced radiotherapy efficacy. Altering melanosomal pH could regulate the eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, impacting ROS levels, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Further research could reveal new mechanisms affecting melanoma progression and treatment.