Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are emerging as promising agents in cancer therapy due to their natural origin, cost-effectiveness, and high biocompatibility. This review highlights their potential both as direct anti-tumor agents and as drug delivery systems, emphasizing their stability and ability to traverse physiological barriers like the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers. The review also discusses the challenges in standardizing their preparation but underscores their potential as versatile and engineerable nanobiomaterials in tumor treatment.