Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Agents in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative and Systematic Review

This review explores the potential of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in managing diabetic foot ulcers, a condition affecting 19%-34% of the 537 million people with diabetes globally. Diabetic foot ulcers have high recurrence rates and severe complications, including amputations. While GLP-1 receptor agonists are commonly used for diabetes and weight loss, their application in diabetic foot ulcers is not well-studied. However, they have shown positive outcomes in other dermatologic conditions. The review highlights the agents' effects on wound repair, microvascular function, neuropathic symptoms, apoptosis, weight loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines indicates a potentially protective role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing diabetic foot complications compared to a control group. By addressing various aspects of diabetic foot ulcer pathophysiology, GLP-1 receptor agonists may help manage and prevent ulcer recurrence.