Gastric Cancer: Actualities And Perspectives Of Early Diagnosis And Targeted Therapy

The review highlights the aggressive nature of gastric cancer and the critical importance of early detection and a multidisciplinary treatment approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, to improve survival rates. Despite advancements in screening, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, with risk factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, obesity, and poor diet. Protective factors include fresh fruit intake and NSAID use. Japan reports a 5-year survival rate over 90% due to early diagnosis. Current diagnostic markers lack specificity, prompting research into new markers like thymidine kinase 1, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Endoscopic techniques and AI-enhanced analysis show promise in improving lesion detection. Minimally invasive techniques, particularly in Asian countries, offer benefits despite higher costs and longer operation times. The review anticipates new diagnostic and therapeutic tools that could potentially cure or prevent gastric cancer without significant lifestyle changes.