Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study

The review discussed the significant role of food bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, in promoting human health by providing protective effects against non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. It highlighted the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties of these compounds, which were abundant in plant-based foods. The document addressed challenges related to the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of polyphenols and explored their potential applications in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and environmental sectors. Advanced extraction techniques like microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction were emphasized for their efficiency and environmental benefits. The review also noted the potential of polyphenols in promoting hair growth and mitigating chemotherapy-induced alopecia, with compounds like epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea showing promise.